Hub screws: dunno, but it sorta makes sense that the wheel whould hold it all together.
For getting stuck ones out I can't think much beyond impact screwdriver, heat and PB blaster which already went through your head anyway

(I suppose one could just drill them out too)
Paint: some are pretty good and go a long way toward stopping that sexy rusty caliper look.
Doing the edge of the rotor might be a bit on the frivoulous side though.
I'd recommend brush on over spray as you can control the application much better (as in get in all the corners without wasting half a can and it also saves a lot of hassle in regard to masking the cylinders along with the line and bleeder holes.)
Goldish silver is the caliper color new out of box, black would prolly be acceptable, but red is sorta sexy in it's own way. (I opted for red....)
20 degrees: Click
this link and it'll take you to IAP's tech section where you'll find a description of what you ask and PDF templates that you can download then print and cut out.