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Coaxial cables aren't a problem to source them at all. Don't be worry for the different colors you see on them ( black, red, grey,blue etc). Usually, they are type of RG58 or RG59 ( industry basic color for both is Black). You can define them as RG59 has the inner wire of solid core, while RG58 uses a multi core one. RG 58 has a resistance of 50ohm , RG59 has 75ohm (RG59 is the most common coaxial for the TV installations). Most car antennas use RG59. Most shops for electronics or for Hams, have these common RF cables, have also whatever you need (adapters for extensions, as you asked).
Many car audios on the back panel , have a small hole for antenna's tuning.
In real, you get tune the whole system coaxial+antenna, since when you are dealing with RF sine waves each cm of coaxial counts. So, behind that small hole is a picoFarad variable capacitor ( inside the car audio), where you can trim for best SWR (Standing Wave Ratio) receiving. Practically, tune your radio around 100MHZ ( or find a weak Fm station), use a small screw driver (better a plastic one) and trim the small capacitor for a better input signal.
Keep in mind that car radios need always to have a good antenna for a good reception .This is true for any tuner, but here the situation is different than homes. We have interferences from alternators, sparks from the ignition and many other issues. Thats why , car radios are well caned, they are like a Faraday cage. Thus, without an antenna has a no receipt!
Be careful on the the coaxial's adapters. Must be of great quality ( they are cheap) and use at joint points a soldering iron
Now, If your car radio happened not have this back small hole, no problem. Make your installation with the proper joints and alternatively play with the antenna's slide extensions. Maybe , you can find a not so good reception with all the long of the antenna, make it shorter! Purists, might be experiment with
the coaxial's length, But I guess this is too much for our installations....
of course, a field which pays plenty of our attention must be the power filtering and the correct grounding of our car radios! Always must use a good power filter with a proper grounding to eliminate the interferences. This cames hand in hand with a proper antenna system.
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